Blood in the pleural cavity that can be a fatal complication after ruptured aortic aneurysm or vascular trauma is termed what?

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Blood in the pleural cavity from traumatic or aneurysm-related rupture is called a hemothorax. It specifically means blood accumulating in the pleural space, which can occur rapidly after vascular injury and lead to life-threatening blood loss and respiratory compromise. Pleural effusion is just fluid in the pleural space from various non-blood sources; pneumothorax is air in the pleural space causing lung collapse; chylothorax is lymphatic chyle due to thoracic duct injury.