Pulmonary hypertension due to multiple etiologies is classified as which group?

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Pulmonary hypertension is classified into five groups based on the underlying mechanism. The group that covers PH with unclear or multifactorial causes is the catch‑all category for cases where multiple etiologies contribute or the pathogenesis isn’t attributable to a single pathway. This includes PH associated with various systemic or hematologic disorders and other multifactorial scenarios. Therefore, when PH arises from multiple etiologies or the mechanism is not clearly one of the other defined categories, it fits Group 5. The other groups correspond to more specific single mechanisms: left‑sided heart disease (Group 2), lung disease or hypoxia (Group 3), chronic thromboembolic disease (Group 4), and pulmonary arterial hypertension with or without associated conditions (Group 1).